Ukraine’s Experience in Countering Information Threats Amid Russia’s Hybrid Aggression
The information war, a key part of Russia’s large-scale conflict against Ukraine, began long before the annexation of Crimea, the fighting in eastern Ukraine, and the full-scale invasion. Over time, Ukrainian public consciousness was subjected to varying degrees of Russian propaganda. The armed aggression by Russia in 2014 only completed a process that had started much earlier: the creation of a pro-Russian information space in Crimea and eastern Ukraine. The Kremlin perfected a hybrid warfare tactic in Ukraine: first come…